The Parisian club has now won the season-opening trophy on fourteen different times.
Paris Saint-Germain required a stoppage-time leveler followed by a successful spot-kick decider to get past Marseille in the Gulf and capture a record-extending fourth consecutive French Super Cup title.
The European champions appeared to be coasting towards a straightforward win in the match featuring the Ligue 1 champions and the French Cup holders after Ousmane Dembele opened the net in the opening stages.
Yet, the southern French side struck twice late to seize a shock advantage. Initially, the English forward converted from the penalty spot, before Willian Pacho inadvertently turned the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a breathtaking twist of events, Goncalo Ramos snatched a vital leveler in the final seconds to force the match into a deciding shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Chevalier then stood as the hero, saving crucial attempts from O'Riley and Traore.
From the spot, Ramos, the midfielder, the full-back, and the young talent all scored with composure for PSG to seal a 4-1 penalty victory.
The record winners Paris Saint-Germain, who met last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Olympique de Marseille after achieving a domestic double, have now lifted this trophy for the twelfth time in the last 13 years.